Date stones could be a promising candidate for protection against chemically induced liver intoxication by CCl4 known to cause liver failure, and this #hepatoprotective effect could be attributed to #antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities (Abdelaziz and Ali, 2014). The antioxidant activity of date stones is attributed mainly to the presence of a high content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and vitamin C (Habib and Ibrahim, 2011).
Administration of date stone powder (raw or roasted) restored normal levels of hepatic transaminases and caused a significant increase in serum albumin levels compared to the CCl4 group (Al-Qarawi et al. ,2004). In addition, the improvement in liver function parameters obtained by treatment with date stone powder was equivalent to that of the group treated with silymarin (reference hepatoprotective agent). Date stone powder (raw or roasted) may be a promising hepatoprotective agent against chemically induced liver damage in vivo and a food that can guarantee disease prevention.
However, further studies are needed to determine the active constituents responsible for the effect of date stones and to explore the other mechanisms involved in this protective effect (Al-Qarawi et al.,2004).
Effect on serum lipids in humans
A study conducted by Jubayer et al. (2020) showed that date seed powder induced a reduction of19.4%, 22.5% and 25.78% in #cholesterol levels total (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and #triglycerides (TG) respectively, as well as an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). According to some studies, phytocomponents, mainly saponins and steroids, produce a #hypocholesterolemic action by inhibiting the intestinal absorption of lipids (Adeneye et al., 2010; Juárez-Rojop et al., 2012). It is important to mention that saponins are one of the main components found in date stone extract.
In conclusion, Jubayer et al. (2020) claimed that date seed powder can be used as a supplement for the regulation of #hypercholesterolemia in humans.
#anti-obesity effect
The increase in body weight in rats fed a high-fat HFD diet and its improvement in the groups treated with date stone powder could be linked to the fact that the date seed is rich in #catechins, such as those present in green tea, which have been shown by several studies that they can affect the regulation of body weight by increasing energy expenditure (Salama et al.,2019).
#anti-tumor activity
The fermentation profile of date stone powder leads to the isolation of a pure bacterial strain capable of producing exo polysaccharides (EPS). This EPS exerts #antitumor and #antioxidant activity (Youssef et al., 2020).
Protective effect of oxidative stress
A study in male Wistar rats found that after a 13-week period of feeding a basal diet comprising 0, 2, 4 or 8 g/kg of date stone powder (DNP), the latter was able to strengthen the defense of the antioxidant system and protect against oxidative damage. Indeed, PND has the potential to reduce markers of oxidative damage, particularly MDA (lipid peroxidation marker) in organs. Although #polyphenols can be suspected of being at least partly responsible for these in vivo effects, the underlying mechanisms require further investigation (Meqbaali et al., 2017). Habib and Ibrahim (2011) also reported that date stones could significantly reduce hepatic and serum malondialdehyde, serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase.
#anti-inflammatory activity
Extracts from date stone powder have anti-inflammatory activity and can suppress foot swelling and adjuvant arthritis (Mohammed and Al-Okbi, 2004; Baliga et al., 2011). Zinc may be an active ingredient inducing allergic inhibition.
Soaps prepared with powdered date pits have been used for the treatment of skin allergies and acrodermatitis enteropathica. Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a rare hereditary autosomal recessive metabolic disorder which results from poor absorption or absorption of zinc (Shi et al.,2014).
Potential activity for #cardiovascular and #cerebrovascular diseases
Evidence has shown that increasing #potassium intake has beneficial effects on human health. Date stones are an excellent source of potassium with a low sodium concentration (Previous Table XIX). Thus, it can be used as a dietary supplement for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Other major elements in date stones that may protect against hypertension are #magnesium and #calcium. Magnesium regulates blood pressure by regulating intracellular calcium, sodium, potassium and pH as well as sensitivity to water
#insulin and arterial compliance. Calcium acts in combination with other ions such as sodium, potassium and magnesium to provide ionic balance to the vascular membrane, vasodilation and a resulting reduction in blood pressure (Vayalil, 2012). p>
End of Cycle Memory Extract
With a view to obtaining the Master's degree in Food Sciences from Dr BENAKILI. (2020-2021)
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